Introduction

When working with material from other sources while writing papers, you will need to quote, summarize, or paraphrase material from books, articles, and webpages.

A quotation

is the direct use of another's words. These are separated from your text by appropriate documentation including quotation marks, tags, parenthetical information, and a works cited entry.

A summary

is the use of another's ideas by placing them in a shortened form in your own words. This information is separated from your text by appropriate documentation including quotation tags, parenthetical information, and a works cited entry.

A paraphrase

is the use of another's ideas by place them in your own words in approximately the same space as the original. This information is separated from your text by appropriate documentation including quotation tags, parenthetical information, and a works cited entry.

Hints for paraphrasing and summarizing material

• Work from memory without looking at or refering directly to the source while putting it into your own words.



• Alter distinctive phrases and language or treat distinctive phrases and language as a direct quotation within the paraphrase or summary

Try paraphrasing the following sentences.

1. I awoke to a frog-drowning rain.

2. I made a run for the border!

3. Can you hear me now?

4. Keep up your moral by looking on the sunny side of the street.